Unit I
Section
1: Introduction
Fluid
as continuum, physical properties of fluids, ideal and real fluids, Newtonian
and Non-Newtonian Fluids, Fluid Statics, Pressure – density - height
relationship, pressure measurement using Manometers, Pressure force on plane
and curved surfaces, centre
of pressure, buoyancy, stability of immersed and floating bodies, metacentric
height, fluid mass subjected to uniform accelerations.
Section
2: Kinematics of fluid flow
Steady
and unsteady flows, uniform and non uniform flows, laminar and turbulent flows,
one, two and three dimensional flows, streamlines, streak lines and path lines,
circulation and vorticity,
rotational and irrotational
flows, velocity potential and stream function, graphical and experimental
methods of drawing flow nets, continuity equation.
Section
3: Dynamics of fluid flow
Euler’s
equation of motion along a streamline and its integration, Bernoulli’s equation
and its applications – Pitot
tube, Venturimeter,
orificemeter,
nozzles, momentum equation and its application to stationary and moving
plates/vanes, pipe bends, problems related to combined application of energy
and momentum equations.
Unit II
Section
4: Flow in Pipes
Reynold’s
experiments, experimental determination of critical velocity, transition from
laminar to turbulent flow, Laminar flow through circular tubes, major and minor
losses in pipe lines, loss due to sudden contraction, expansion etc., Analysis
of pipe networks, hardy Cross Method.
Section
5: Flow in open Channel
Comparison
between open channel and pipe flow, uniform and non-uniform flows, uniform flow
formulae, Chezy’s
and Manning’s Formula, Hydraulically efficient channel section of rectangular,
trapezoidal and circular type
Section
6: Flow through mouthpieces and orifices
Hydraulic
coefficients of orifice, bell method orifice, mouthpieces, Borda's
mouthpieces, running free and submerged. Notches and Weirs: Rectangular,
triangular and trapezoidal notches and weir, cippoletti
and broad crested weir, aeration of nappe,
cavitations
submerged weir.
