Building Materials and Construction
Unit I:
Section I: Building Materials
Physical and chemical characteristic of commonly used building materials in Civil Engineering construction – Clay, Sand, Stone, Lime, Cement, Concrete, Bricks, Silica, Aluminum and Timber with reference to its specifications. Plywood, asbestos, plastics and polymer based materials.
Section II: Protective materials
Paints and varnishes.
Unit II:
Section III: Building construction
Bricks and stone masonry. Setting and laying out a building, safe bearing capacity of soils, types of building foundation.
Construction details of foundation, floors, roofs and stairs. Doors and windows of different types.Damp proof course, plastering and pointing,
Books and References:
- D.S.Arora, ‘Text Book of Engineering Materials’, Kalyani Publishers.
- Sushil Kumar, ‘Building Construction’, Standard Publishers, Delhi.
- Building Materials – S.K. Duggal (New Age Publication)
- Engineering Materials – Surendra Singh (Laxmi Publication)
- Construction Engineering and Management – S. Seetharaman Umesh Publication)
- Building Materials – Gurucharan Singh (Standard Publishers, Delhi)
- Building Materials – Parbeen Singh
Structural Analysis
Unit: I
Section – I: Propped Cantilevers
Analysis of propped cantilevers-shear force and Bending moment diagrams-Deflection of propped cantilevers.
Section – II: Fixed Beams
Introduction to statically indeterminate beams with U.D.load central point load, eccentric point load. Number of point loads, uniformly varying load, couple and combination of loads shear force and Bending moment diagrams-Deflection of fixed beams effect of sinking of support, effect of rotation of a support.
Section – III: Continuous Beams
Introduction-Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments- Analysis of continuous beams with constant moment of inertia with one or both ends fixed-continuous beams with overhang, continuous beams with different moment of inertia for different spans-Effects of sinking of supports-shear force and Bending moment diagrams.
Section – IV: Slope-Deflection Method
Introduction, derivation of slope deflection equation, application to continuous beams with and without settlement of supports.
Unit II:
Section – V: Energy Theorems
Introduction-Strain energy in linear elastic system, expression of strain energy due to axial load, bending moment and shear forces - Castigliano’s first theorem-Deflections of simple beams and pin jointed trusses.
Section – VI: Moving Loads
Introduction maximum SF and BM at a given section and absolute maximum S.F. and B.M due to single concentrated load U.D load longer than the span, U.D load shorter than the span, two point loads with fixed distance between them and several point loads-Equivalent uniformly distributed load-Focal length.
Section – VII : Influence Lines
Definition of influence line for SF, Influence line for BM- load position for maximum SF at a section-Load position for maximum BM at a sectionsingle point load, U.D.load longer than the span, U.D.load shorter than the span- Influence lines for forces in members of Pratt and Warren trusses.
Section – VIII: Indeterminate Structural Analysis
Indeterminate Structural Analysis –Determination of static and kinematic indeterminacies –Solution of trusses with upto two degrees of internal and external indeterminacies –Castigliano’s theorem
Books and References:
- Analysis of Structures-Vol I & Vol II by V.N. Vazirani & M.M.Ratwani, Khanna Publications, New Delhi.
- Analysis of Structures by T.S. Thandavamoorthy,
- Comprehensive Structural Analysis-Vol.I&2 by Dr. R. Vaidyanathan & Dr. P.Perumal- Laxmi publications pvt. Ltd.,
- Basic structural Analysis by C.S. Reddy, Tata Mcgrawhill,
- Theory of Structures by Gupta, Pandit & Gupta; Tat Mc.Graw – Hill Publishing Co.Ltd.,
- Introduction to structural analysis by B.D. Nautiyal, New age international publishers,
GeoTechnical Engineering
Unit I
Section I: Introduction
Concept of soil,Definition and meaning of soil mechanics, History of soil mechanics
Scope of soil mechanics, Soil formation
Section II: Weight And Volume Relationship Of Soil
Definition of soil mass, Components of soil mass, Phase diagram of soil mass and its labeling, Weight and volume of soil with usual notation, Dry soil and wet soil
Void ratio, Porosity and their relations, Types of water in soil, Bulk density, saturated, submerged and dry density, Difference between adsorbed water and absorbed water in soil, Saturated, partly saturated and dry soil
Section III: Classification Of Soil
Definition of Coarse and fine grained soil, Homogeneity, Consistency, Cohesiveness, Toughness, Shear strength, Compressibility, Difference between coarse and fine grained soil, Two methods of soil classification, Grain size classification of soil as per I.S.I and classification of soil using plasticity chart, Sieve analysis and Stoke’s law, Sedimentation analysis of soil, Particle size - Distribution curve on semi log scale, States of consistency and its diagram, Consistency limits- Liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit and plasticity index (P.I), Laboratory methods to find out these limits, Field identification tests
Section IV: Permeability
Definition and understanding of permeability, Different types of soil and permeability, Laminar and turbulent flow, Importance of permeability, Darcy’s Law
Coefficient of permeability and its determination in laboratory, Factors affecting permeability, Confined and unconfined aquifer, Dupit’s Formula, Field determination of permeability by pumping out and pumping in test, Concepts meaning of seepage, Effects of seepage, Flow lines and flow net diagram (only understanding)
Section V: Shear Strength And Bearing Capacity
Concepts of shear strength of loaded soil, Friction and coefficient of friction, between two soils, Internal friction, Cohesion, Normal and shear stress, Shear strength of soil, Factors on which shear strength of soil depends, Coulomb’s law, Shear failure, Types of shear test- Box shear test and Tri axial test, Causes of failure of foundation, Meaning of Bearing capacity and safe bearing capacity, Concepts of S.B.C. and ultimate bearing capacity, Methods of finding S.B.C. of soil (Plate load test), Factors affecting bearing capacity of soil
Unit II
Section VI: Compaction
Concepts of meaning of compaction, Consolidation and its meaning, Difference between consolidation and compaction, Max. Dry density and optimum moisture content, Proctor test, Modified compaction test, Factors affecting compaction, Methods of compaction in field
Section VII : Earth Pressure
Define Earth pressure, Effective pressure, Neutral pressure, Total pressure, Magnitude of earth pressure, Rankines theory, Assumptions made in the Rankine’s theory, Earth retaining structures, Earth pressure on earth retaining structures.
Section VIII: Soil Stabilization
Concepts and purpose of soil stabilization, Methods of stabilization, Materials of stabilizing of soil and their uses, Determination & application of it
Section IX: Soil Investigations
Meaning and objectives of soil investigation, Site investigation, Site exploration
Number Depth and disposition of borings, Methods of exploration, Trial pits types of Augers- Auger boring, Wash boring and percussion, drilling.
Soil sample and their types, Disturbed and undisturbed samples and their meaning, Record of boring, Borehole log.
Books and References:
- Soil Mechanics S.K. Garg
- Soil Mechanics Dr. S.B. Sehgal
- Soil Mechanics Dr. Alam Singh
- IS Codes : No. 2720 (Part 1 to 26) IS: 1892, 2132, 2809, BIS Publications
