Concrete Structures
Unit I
Section I: Introduction to R.C Structures
Section II: Basic Material Properties
Constituents of concrete mix, grade of concrete; behaviour, of hardened concrete under uniaxial compression, tension, flexure and combined stresses; creep, shrinkage and temperature effects; durability; properties of reinforcing steel, Relevant Codes
Section III: Basic Design Concepts
Working stress, ultimate load and limit states design.
Section IV: Design for Flexure
Analysis at service and ultimate loads; singly and doubly reinforced rectangular and flanged sections; design of beams, one-way slabs, two way slabs
for flexure as per IS 456.
Section V: Design for Shear and Torsion
Analysis and design of reinforced concrete sections for shear as per IS 456. Design of beams for torsion.
Unit II
Section VI: Design for Bond
Development length, splicing, curtailment, code requirements.
Section VII : Design of Compression Members
Effective length, design of short columns subject to axial compression with and without uniaxial/biaxial eccentricities; introduction to slender columns.
Section VIII: Design of Footings
Types of footings, design of isolated and wall footings
Books and References:
- Reinforced Concrete Design (Second edition) – S. Unnikrishna Pillai and Devdas Menon, Tata McGraw Hill
- Design of Concrete Structures (12th edition) – Arthur H Nilson, Tata McGraw-Hill
- Reinforced
Foundation Engineering
Section I: Introduction
Role of civil engineers in selection, design and construction of foundation of civil engineering structures, Brief review of soil mechanics principles used in foundation engineering
Section II: Site Investigation
Methods of soil exploration, Boring, Sampling-disturbed and undisturbed sampling, Sampling techniques, Various penetration tests including dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT), standard penetration test (SPT) and static cone penetration test (SCPT), Preparation of soil borelogs, Correlation between penetration resistance and soil design parameters, Selection of foundation based on soil condition.
Section III: Earth Pressure
Earth pressure at rest, Active and Passive earth pressure, Rankine and Coulomb’s earth pressure theories, Earth pressure due to surcharge
Section IV: Shallow Foundations
Types of shallow foundations, mechanism of load transfer, Modes of failure, Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory, Computation of bearing capacity in soils, Influence of various factors, Use of field test data in design of shallow foundations, Stresses below the foundations, Settlement of footings and rafts, Allowable and maximum differential settlements of buildings, Codal provisions, Proportioning of footings and rafts
Section V: Pile Foundation
Types of pile and method of construction, Estimation of load carrying capacity of a pile, Static and dynamic formulae, Load carrying capacity and settlement of group of piles, Piles subjected to uplift, Negative skin friction, Pile load tests and interpretation of test data, Proportioning of piles, Codal provisions
Section VI: Well Foundations
Methods of construction, Tilt and shift, Remedial measures during sinking of well foundation, Bearing capacity, Settlement and lateral stability of well foundation
Section VII: Stability of Slopes
Mode of failure mechanism, Stability analysis of infinite slopes, Method of slices, Bishop’s simplified method
Section VIII: Retaining Walls
Types of retaining walls-gravity, semigravity, cantilever and counterfort retaining walls, Stability analysis of retaining walls, Proportioning and design of retaining walls
Section IX: Soil Stabilization
Concept of soil stabilization, Materials used, Methods of stabilization
Books and References:
- Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering – Arora, K.R. (Standard publishers and distributors, New Delhi, 1997)
- A Textbook of Geotechnical Engineering – Khan, I.H., (Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1999)
- Basic and applied soil mechanics – Gopal Ranjan and Rao, A.S.R. (Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi (India), 1997)
- Foundation Analysis and Design – Bowles J.E. (McGraw Hill, 1994)
- Design Aids in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering – S.R. Kaniraj (Tata McGraw Hill,
- Foundation Engineering (2nd Edition) – Peck, R.B., Hanson (W.E. and Thornburn. W.H. John Wiley,
- Principles of Foundation Engineering – Das, B.M. (PWS Publishing, California, 1999)
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics
Unit I
Section 1: Introduction
Fluid as continuum, physical properties of fluids, ideal and real fluids, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids, Fluid Statics, Pressure – density - height relationship, pressure measurement using Manometers, Pressure force on plane and curved surfaces, centre of pressure, buoyancy, stability of immersed and floating bodies, metacentric height, fluid mass subjected to uniform accelerations
Section 2: Kinematics of fluid flow
Steady and unsteady flows, uniform and non uniform flows, laminar and turbulent flows, one, two and three dimensional flows, streamlines, streak lines and path lines, circulation and vorticity, rotational and irrotational flows, velocity potential and stream function, graphical and experimental methods of drawing flow nets, continuity equation.
Section 3: Dynamics of fluid flow
Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline and its integration, Bernoulli’s equation and its applications – Pitot tube, Venturimeter, orificemeter, nozzles, momentum equation and its application to stationary and moving plates/vanes, pipe bends, problems related to combined application of energy and momentum equations.
Unit II
Section 4: Flow in Pipes
Reynold’s experiments, experimental determination of critical velocity, transition from laminar to turbulent flow, Laminar flow through circular tubes, major and minor losses in pipe lines, loss due to sudden contraction, expansion etc., Analysis of pipe networks, hardy Cross Method.
Section 5: Flow in open Channel
Comparison between open channel and pipe flow, uniform and non-uniform flows, uniform flow formulae, Chezy’s and Manning’s Formula, Hydraulically efficient channel section of rectangular, trapezoidal and circular type
Section 6: Flow through mouthpieces and orifices
Hydraulic coefficients of orifice, bell method orifice, mouthpieces, Borda's mouthpieces, running free and submerged. Notches and Weirs: Rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal notches and weir, cippoletti and broad crested weir, aeration of nappe, cavitations submerged weir.
Books and References:
1. Fluid Mechanics – Streeter V.L. & Wylie E.B. (Tata McGraw Hill)
2. Mechanics of Fluid – Irving H. Shames (McGraw Hill)
3. Fluid Mechanics – John F Dougles (Pearson Publication)
4. Fluid Mechanics – R.J. Garde (New Age International Publication)
5. Introduction to Fluid Mechanics – James A. Fay (Prentice Hall India
6. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery – C. S. P. Ojha, R. Berndtsson and
P. N. Chandramouli (Oxford University
7. Fluid Mechanics – P.N. Modi and S. M. Seth(Standard Book House)
8. Fluid Mechanics – Gupta and Gupta (Wiley Edition)
